Bihar Board Solutions Class 12th Economics अर्थशास्त्र

Bihar Board Class 12th Economics Solutions अर्थशास्त्र

Bihar Board Class 12th Macro Economics: भाग-1 परिचयात्मक समष्टि अर्थशास्त्र

• Chapter 1 समष्टि अर्थशास्त्र का परिचय (Introduction to Macro Economics)
• Chapter 2 राष्ट्रीय आय का लेखांकन (National Income Accounting)
• Chapter 3 मुद्रा और बैंकिंग (Money and Banking)
• Chapter 4 आय निर्धारण (Income Determination)
• Chapter 5 सरकारी बजट एवं अर्थव्यवस्था (Government Budget and Economy)
• Chapter 6 खुली अर्थव्यवस्था : समष्टि अर्थशास्त्र (Open Economy Macroeconomics)

Bihar Board Class 12th Micro Economics: भाग-2 परिचयात्मक व्यष्टि अर्थशास्त्र

• Chapter 1 व्यष्टि अर्थशास्त्र का परिचय (Introduction to Micro Economics)
• Chapter 2 उपभोक्ता के व्यवहार का सिद्धांत (Theory of Consumer Behavior)
• Chapter 3 उत्पादन तथा लागत (Production and Costs)
• Chapter 4 पूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा की स्थिति में फर्म का सिद्धांत (Theory of Firm Under Perfect Competition)
• Chapter 5 बाजार संतुलन (Market Competition)
• Chapter 6 प्रतिस्पर्धारहित बाज़ार (Non-Competitive Markets)

Microeconomics:

Microeconomics is the study of the behavior of individual consumers, firms, and industries. It focuses on the analysis of market behavior, such as supply and demand, pricing, and market structures. Microeconomics is important because it helps us understand how individuals and firms make decisions in a market economy. It is also used to develop policies that promote economic efficiency and growth.

Macroeconomics:

Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole, including issues such as inflation, unemployment, and economic growth. It focuses on the analysis of aggregate economic variables, such as gross domestic product (GDP), and the factors that influence these variables. Macroeconomics is important because it helps us understand the overall performance of the economy and the impact of economic policies on society.

Indian Economy:

The Indian economy is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. It is a mixed economy with a combination of private and public sector enterprises. Agriculture is the mainstay of the Indian economy, and it employs a significant portion of the population. The Indian economy has undergone significant changes in recent years, with the growth of the service sector and the emergence of new industries such as IT and biotechnology. Despite these changes, poverty, unemployment, and inequality remain significant challenges in the Indian economy.

Globalization and its Impact on the Indian Economy:

Globalization refers to the integration of economies, societies, and cultures across the world. The process of globalization has had a significant impact on the Indian economy. It has led to the growth of the service sector and the emergence of new industries, but it has also led to increased competition and the displacement of traditional industries. Additionally, globalization has led to greater economic inequality and environmental degradation. Overall, the impact of globalization on the Indian economy has been complex, with both positive and negative effects.